2009 Pandemic Influenza Activity
【pandemic (H1N1) 2009】
タミフル耐性株は、米国内では9人から検出されています(2009年9月4日時点）。
2008-2009 Influenza Season Week 34 ending August 29, 2009
http://www.cdc.gov/flu/weekly/
[投稿者注]日本語による概要はTwitter配信のため140文字となっています。引用した原文の邦訳ではありません。
https://twitter.com/swineflujpn
[1]
Update: Influenza Activity — United States, April–August 2009
MMWR Early Release September 10, 2009 / 58(Early Release);1-4
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm58e0910a1.htm
米国で 4月中旬から8月30日までの期間、入院 9,079人、死者 593人（確定診断例）。どの時期も2週連続の（流行閾値を越える）超過死亡はなかったが、4月26日から8月29日の期間に47人の子どもが死亡(確定診断例）。8月後半南東部患者増加。ワクチンは10月中旬から。
¶ Persons who are at greater risk for complications include 1) those aged <5 years (with highest risk among person age 64 years, and, 3) those who have an underlying health condition (e.g., pregnancy or a chronic heart, lung, kidney, liver, metabolic, neurologic, or neuromuscular condition, or immunodeficiency).
[2]
Oseltamivir-Resistant 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in Two Summer Campers Receiving Prophylaxis — North Carolina, 2009
MMWR Weekly September 11, 2009 / 58(35);969-972
http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5835a1.htm
米国ノースカロライナ州。6月1000人、7月650人参加（スタッフ含）のサマーキャンプで初回開催直後に流行が始まり抗ウイルス薬予防投与プログラムを実施。症例A（健康な若年女子）２回予防の後発症。症例B（健康な若年女子。Aと同キャビン）１回予防の後発症。2例のタミフル耐性株はH275YおよびI223V変異。
2症例ともに同じキャビンメイト 患者Cと接触あり（症例Aは初回タミフル使用後、症例Aはタミフル使用前）。
The H275Y mutation has been characterized previously among seasonal influenza A (H1N1) viruses and is associated with resistance to oseltamivir (3). The I223V mutation has not been reported previously in 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1); because the neuraminidase inhibition assay could not be performed, the mutation’s functional significance is unknown.
当ブログエントリー”WHO Region – Tamiflu-resistant influenza (H1N1) virus”
http://swineflujpn.wordpress.com/2009/10/31/who-region-tamiflu-resistant-influenza-h1n1-virus/
[3]
H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection during pregnancy in the USA
The Lancet, Volume 374, Issue 9688, Pages 451 – 458, 8 August 2009
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2809%2961304-0/fulltext
米国CDC報告：2009年4月15日から6月16日までの期間で妊婦6人死亡(13% 45症例中）。全例、肺炎によるARDSを併発し人工呼吸器使用。4月15日から5月18日の妊婦入院率は一般住民に比べて4倍であった。
The estimated rate of admission for pandemic H1N1 influenza virus infection 略 (0.32 per 100,000 pregnant women, 95% CI 0.13-0.52 vs 0.076 per 100,000 population at risk, 95% CI 0.07-0.09). Between April 15 and June 16, 2009, six deaths in pregnant women were reported to the CDC; all were in women who had developed pneumonia and subsequent acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical ventilation.
[4]
Receptor-binding specificity of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus determined by carbohydrate microarray
Nature Biotechnology, September 2009, Volume 27 No 9, – pp797 – 799.
Robert A Childs, Angelina S Palma, Steve Wharton, Tatyana Matrosovich, Yan Liu, Wengang Chai, Maria A Campanero-Rhodes, Yibing Zhang, Markus Eickmann, Makoto Kiso, et al.
http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v27/n9/full/nbt0909-797.html
季節性インフルエンザのウイルス株が吸着するのは、ほとんどが鼻、咽喉、上気道の細胞であるが、新型インフルエンザウイルスは肺内の深部の細胞（レセプター）に（より弱いが）接着できる。
ProMED-mail
Archive Number 20090910.3192
Published Date 10-SEP-2009
Subject Influenza pandemic (H1N1) 2009 (44): receptor binding
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/health/Swine_flu/article6828915.ece
In the latest research, Professor Ten Feizi and colleagues at Imperial College London carried out laboratory experiments in which 86 different receptors were exposed to seasonal and pandemic flu. The seasonal strains only locked onto the kind of receptors found in the upper respiratory track. But the [influenza pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus] was also able to latch onto receptors found inside the lungs, although more weakly. The adhesion results in a more severe lung infection. Professor Feizi said: “If the flu virus mutates in the future, it may attach to receptors deep inside the lungs more strongly, and this could mean that more people would experience severe symptoms. We think scientists should be on the lookout for these kinds of changes in the virus so we can try to find ways to minimise the impact.”
